Tag: RaspberryPi

Cheap Security Lab Training with Raspberry Pi 4, Docker & Kali Linux

The Raspberry Pi is a small yet power platform that is perfect for building a cost effective cybersecurity training lab. In this article we will look at installing Docker on a Raspberry Pi 4 (4GB) running Kali Linux (64 bit).

The case pictured is the Official Raspberry Pi 7″ touchscreen in a modified touchscreen case. It was made for the Pi 3, only slight modifications were made so the Pi 4 could fit in it. Modify cases at your own risk, you could cut yourself or destroy your case.

Installing Kali Linux on a Pi 4

This article assumes that you have already installed and updated Kali Linux on your Pi 4. If you have not, simply download the 64 bit Kali Linux 4 ARM image from Offensive Security.

Extract the image, write it to an MicroSD Card, insert it into your Pi4, attach peripherals, and power last of all. Allow the system to boot up completely.

Login with “kali/ kali” – Since Kali 2020, you no longer use “root/ toor” to log in. Reboot, Update and Upgrade, and reboot one last time. You are now ready to install Docker.

Installing Docker on Raspberry Pi

Full docs for installing Docker on the Pi are available on the Official Kali Website: https://www.kali.org/docs/containers/installing-docker-on-kali/

  • sudo apt update
  • sudo apt install -y docker.io
  • sudo systemctl enable docker –now
  • docker

You can add a user to the Docker group if you wish:

  • sudo usermod -aG docker username

You may need to start the Docker service manually

  • sudo service docker start

That’s it! You can now run Docker and install any Docker images that you want.

OWASP Juice Shop on the Raspberry Pi

Some Docker containers will not run on ARM, but you can find ports for some of the more popular ones. Just realize that some times these aren’t “Official” images, so proceed with due caution.

Also, the purposefully vulnerable Docker Images are just that, so follow all precautions necessary to protecting your systems while running them. The most preferred method is a stand alone local address only test LAN, disconnected or firewalled from both the internet and any production systems.

We will install the Docker “OWASP Juice Shop” image from the Docker library. This is an ARM port of the official OWASP Juice Shop program.

Tool website: https://hub.docker.com/r/santosomar/juice-shop-arm64

To install, and run, simply open a terminal and type:

  • docker run -d –name juice-shop -p 3000:3000 santosomar/juice-shop-arm64

Docker will pull down the image, and run it.

Once it is installed:

  • Open a browser and navigate to localhost:3000 or IP_Address:3000

You are now good to go! You can begin testing your skills locally on the Pi or you can use a LAN system to practice your skills. A full write up on “Pwning OWASP Juice Shop” can be found here:

https://bkimminich.gitbooks.io/pwning-owasp-juice-shop/

and a list of Solutions can be found here:

https://bkimminich.gitbooks.io/pwning-owasp-juice-shop/content/appendix/solutions.html

A list of challenges for Juice Shop is available. As you complete each challenge, the website keeps track of your pwning progress. Here is one of my favorites, the “Melee Kitty”!

Enjoy and most importantly, have fun!

If you would like to learn a lot more about using Raspberry Pis in the security field, check out my latest book, “Security Testing with Raspberry Pi“!

Pi 4 Hacking Platform using DietPi and PTF

Building a Raspberry Pi 4 Ethical Hacking platform using The Pentesters Framework and DietPi.

I’ve been playing with using different hacking tools and Operating Systems with the Pi 4. In this article I cover installing The Pentesters Framework on a RPi 4 running DietPi.

DietPi is a very lightweight Debian OS for the Raspberry Pi. The Pentesters Framework by TrustedSec is an Ethical Hacking installation script that automatically installs and updates over 250 modules/ tools. It would be great if they would work together on a Raspberry Pi 4. The good news is that is does – With a couple tweaks.

I cover installing and using The Pentesters Framework on Raspberry Pi in my latest book. So, I am not going to go into great detail on using the tools in PTF. I just want to cover actually installing it on DietPi.

Installing

NOTE: You will need a Raspberry Pi 4, and at the minimum a 32 GB MicroSD card if you want to install all of the PTF tools. Don’t have a Pi 4? Seeed is currently offering free shipping for orders over $119 with a Raspberry Pi 4 4GB.

Insert the MicroSD card into your Pi, attach peripherals and lastly connect power (always connect power last). When DietPi boots up you will be presented with some options.

  • Pick any software install options you want, then “Go install software”
  • Requested software and updates will be installed
  • Reboot when finished

I just run through it quickly the first time to get the latest OS updates. Note the CPU temp warning, it’s a Pi 4, it runs hotter than a Pi 3.

To install an “X” Desktop or any other included software, type, “dietpi-software”.

There are a ton of add-on software options under “Software Optimised”. For example, if you want a graphical desktop, pick the X-Desktop you want and then the “Go install software” option. You can also setup your login preferences from this menu – auto login, desktop login, etc.

All we really need here is to install Python. Then we need to make a small config file tweak and finally install PTF.

Installing Python

From the DietPi-Software menu, go to “Software Additional” and install Python:

  • Cursor down to Python Pip, hit the space bar to select it.
  • Select “OK”

You will return to the main menu.,

  • Cursor down and select “Go >> Start Installation”
  • Reboot when finished

We need to install git:

  • Open a terminal and enter, “apt install git”

Next we need to comment out a line in the ‘/etc/hosts’ file or the PTF install will error out.

  • Comment out the “::1 localhost  IPv6 localhost” line
  • Reboot

That’s it! We can now proceed with the standard PTF install:

You will then see the main PTF interface:

Type “show modules” to see all available modules. You can install individual ones if you wish. If you have a large memory card (32 Gb), you can install all of them.

  • To install all tools, enter “use modules/install_update_all“
  • Reboot when finished

The install will take a very long time, especially if you install all of the modules. After install, all tools will be located in category themed directories under the ‘/pentest’ directory, as seen below:

Many of the tools can be run from anywhere, but some tools require you to change into its install directory for it to work properly. This is usually ‘/pentest’, but some run from ‘/usr/share’ as well. Check it out, there are a ton of very good tools at your disposal, like “Sniper”:

And there you have it. Again, I go into much deeper detail in my book about using PTF on a Pi, I just wanted to show how it could be installed on DietPi. If you want to learn a lot more about using Raspberry Pi for Ethical hacking check out my latest book – Security Testing with Raspberry Pi

Installing Kali Linux on Raspberry Pi – Partial Book Chapter

This is a partial sample chapter from my latest “Security Testing with Raspberry Pi” book – The full chapter (chapter 4) is over 20 pages long and includes how to use several of the installed Kali Linux tools.

In this chapter we will cover installing Kali Linux on a Raspberry Pi 3b+. We will also see how to run several Kali tools on this platform. As I assume the reader has used Kali Linux before, the goal is to show how to get up and running quickly on a Raspberry Pi, not necessarily to show how to run each individual tool. Most of the tools work just like they would in a full PC install of Kali. Though some of the tools, like Hashcat, apparently don’t have ARM compatible binaries and are not included in the Kali Pi version.

Surf to the Offensive Security Website:

https://www.offensive-security.com/kali-linux-arm-images/

Navigate to the Kali ARM images and then select the Raspberry Pi branch. Download the version of Raspberry Pi for the Pi that you have. I used a Pi3b+ for this chapter, so I downloaded the Kali Linux Raspberry Pi 3 64-bit image. If you have a Pi 4, you must download the Pi 4 version of Kali.

Once the image is downloaded, all you need to do is write it you your SD Ram card.

Etcher works great:

Insert your memory card into the Pi, attach keyboard, mouse, network line, and video cable. Lastly, plug in the power cord. The Pi will boot up and give you a graphical login screen.

  • Login with User: root, Password: toor

At the “Welcome to the first start of the panel” message, click on “Use default config”. You will then be presented with the Kali Desktop. Take a second and familiarize yourself with it. You will notice it is slightly different looking than the regular Kali Desktop, as it is using a different desktop environment. Xfce is used as the default Pi interface as it is a lightweight and fast desktop. But it is the same Kali underneath that you know and love.

Click the “Applications” button to see the tools menu. They are pretty sparse at the moment; we will fix that soon. There are a couple house keeping things we need to do first.

Setting up SSH

The first thing we will want to do is regenerate the SSH security keys.

  • Open a Terminal
  • cd /etc/ssh/
  • mkdir default_keys
  • mv ssh_host_* default_keys/
  • dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server

In a couple seconds we should have new SSH security keys.

In the current version of Kali for the Pi, root login is permitted by default. This is fine for our lab, but this is something you would want to change in “/etc/ssh/sshd_config” if you were going to use this for regular purposes. You will also want to change the root password using the “passwd” command.

The SSH server is already started by default in the Kali Pi install, so all we need is the IP address of Kali. If you are an old time Linux user like me you will probably still use Ifconfig, the old “deprecated” commands are easier to use and look nicer in my opinion, (have to love change, lol) though you are supposed to use the “ip” command now.

  • Enter, “ip a” to see all the network addresses or “ip -4 a” to only see the ip 4 address.

Now you can just SSH or use Putty like we did in the previous chapter to connect remotely to the Kali system.

Metapackages

The Kali-Pi image comes pre-installed with some tools already installed. They were called the “top 10” in an earlier release of Kali and include Metasploit, nmap, Recon-NG, etc.  The rest of the Kali tools can be downloaded via Kali “Metapackages”. Metapackages are security tool packages grouped by function. If you have a 16 GB or greater SDRam card, and a lot of patience, you can install the full Kali Linux install. If you didn’t need all of these tools, you could install just the Wireless tools (kali-linux-wireless) or the Web Application Assessment tools (kali-linux-web), depending on your needs.

All the available Metapackages are listed on the Kali Metapackages website:

Installation is simple, in a terminal just enter, “apt install” along with the metapackage that you want. You basically have 2 options; you can install the full package or individual tool packages. The only drawback to option 2 is that some of the necessary “helper” tools may not be installed and you may need to install them manually.

Option 1

If you want the full Kali install:

  • apt install kali-linux-full

This includes all the tools from a normal Kali Linux install. This will take a very long time to install, so be patient.

Option 2

If you want to install a specific category of tools:

Depending on what you want to do with your Kali install, a good choice is the Wireless tools. The wireless package includes numerous tools including ones for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth & SDR. You can see what packages are included by using the following command:

  • apt-cache show kali-linux-wireless |grep Depends

If these are the tools that you want, then proceed with the install:

  • apt install kali-linux-wireless

Whichever option you pick, the new tools will show up in the Kali menu after the install:

Either install option seems to take hours, be patient, and reboot when it is finished.

The downloaded tools are the SAME tools that you would receive on the regular Kali install. These aren’t watered down versions or anything like that. I have run into a couple tools that didn’t work, or seemed to be missing, but it is a rare occurrence. If it works in the regular Kali install, chances are you can do the same thing, the same way, in the Raspberry Pi version. So, after that long install, let’s play!

If you liked this sample and want to learn a lot more about using the Raspberry Pi for Ethical Hacking, check out my new book, “Security Testing with Raspberry Pi“!

New Book: “Security Testing with Raspberry Pi”

My latest book, “Security Testing with Raspberry Pi” is out. The newest in my “Security Testing” series is all about the versatile Raspberry Pi! †

The credit card sized Raspberry Pi has been a hit with makers for years, it is amazing how many different ways you can use these devices. What many don’t know is that they are also a great tool for use in the security field.

The RPi can run many of the popular Ethical Hacking tools and operating systems. The small size and portability of the Pi makes it a perfect tool for Red Teams and Pentesters.

For example, the RPi makes for great pentesting “Drop Boxes”, small scanning remote access tools left behind on a client’s website during a test. But that is just one use, thanks to P4wnP1, the Pi can also be used as a very powerful and live customizable HiD attack tool. They can even be used as surveillance cameras.

In my book, I cover how to install and use many of the top security tools on the Raspberry Pi.

How to install Kali Linux on a RPi, installing security tools on Raspbian, how to use Warberry Pi – a drop box like system, even how to setup your Pi to act like a security camera, and much, much more!

Like my previous books, the first thing covered is setting up a test lab with vulnerable targets. You will see how to use the RPi to scan test systems for vulnerabilities. I also cover how to use the RPi as an actual test target so you hone your ethical hacking skills without breaking the bank.

This book basically takes off where “Basic Security Testing with Kali Linux” ends and shows you how to use a Pi as a functional security tool. Though not a beginner, “How to use a Pi” book, I use step-by-step tutorials for those new to ethical hacking and the Raspberry Pi.

What about the Raspberry Pi 4? The book now includes notes for those who want to use the brand new Pi 4. As the Pi 4 was just released, many of the operating systems and tools are not 100% functional yet with the Pi 4. But you can install Kali Linux on the Pi 4, and use many of the popular security tools in Raspbian. Functionality will increase as time goes on and as tools are updated to work with the Pi 4.

If you are interested in the Raspberry Pi and want to see how to use it in the security realm, check out, “Security Testing with Raspberry Pi“!